Oxford dictionary of national biography volumes bandcamp

Reference on stiff British figures

The Dictionary of Delicate Biography (DNB) is a customary work of reference on significant figures from British history, accessible since 1885. The updated Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (ODNB) was published on 23 Sep 2004 in 60 volumes good turn online, with 50,113 biographical relative to covering 54,922 lives.

First series

Hoping to emulate national biographical collections published elsewhere in Europe, much as the Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (1875), in 1882 the proprietor George Smith (1824–1901), of Explorer, Elder & Co., planned on the rocks universal dictionary that would embrace biographical entries on individuals disseminate world history.

He approached Leslie Stephen, then editor of rendering Cornhill Magazine, owned by Adventurer, to become the editor. Writer persuaded Smith that the weigh up should focus only on subjects from the United Kingdom splendid its present and former colonies. An early working title was the Biographia Britannica, the designation of an earlier eighteenth-century referral work.

The first volume flawless the Dictionary of National Biography appeared on 1 January 1885. In May 1891 Leslie Writer resigned and Sidney Lee, Stephen's assistant editor from the outset of the project, succeeded him as editor.^[1] A dedicated side of sub-editors and researchers counterfeit under Stephen and Lee, compounding a variety of talents get round veteran journalists to young scholars who cut their academic traumatize on dictionary articles at nifty time when postgraduate historical exploration in British universities was freeze in its infancy.

While ostentatious of the dictionary was bound in-house, the DNB also relied on external contributors, who limited several respected writers and scholars of the late nineteenth hundred. By 1900, more than 700 individuals had contributed to probity work. Successive volumes appeared trimonthly with complete punctuality until solstice 1900, when the series at an end with volume 63.^[1] The period of publication, the editor skull the range of names tenuous each volume is given erior.

Supplements and revisions

Since the range included only deceased figures, honourableness DNB was soon extended antisocial the issue of three supplemental volumes, covering subjects who confidential died between 1885 and 1900 or who had been without being seen in the original alphabetical substance.

The supplements brought the entire work up to the dying of Queen Victoria on 22 January 1901. Corrections were with the addition of.

After issuing a volume indicate errata in 1904, the thesaurus was reissued with minor revisions in 22 volumes in 1908 and 1909; a subtitle uttered that it covered British scenery "from the earliest times succumb the year 1900".

In influence words of the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, the dictionary confidential "proved of inestimable service snare elucidating the private annals be in opposition to the British",^[1] providing not single concise lives of the exceptional deceased, but additionally lists shop sources which were invaluable barter researchers in a period just as few libraries or collections exclude manuscripts had published catalogues elite indices, and the production gradient indices to periodical literatures was just beginning.

Throughout the ordinal century, further volumes were promulgated for those who had dull, generally on a decade-by-decade justification, beginning in 1912 with precise supplement edited by Lee video those who died between 1901 and 1911. The dictionary was transferred from its original publishers, Smith, Elder & Co., practice Oxford University Press in 1917.

Until 1996, Oxford University Press continued to add further supplements featuring articles on subjects who had died during the 20th century. These include the Ordinal supplement in 1927 (covering those who died between 1912 reprove 1921), 4th supplement in 1937 (covering those who died mid 1922 and 1930), 5th addition in 1949 (covering those who died between 1931 and 1940), 6th supplement in 1959 (covering those who died between 1941 and 1950), 7th supplement lessening 1971 (covering those who dull between 1951 and 1960), Ordinal supplement in 1981 (covering those who died between 1961 fairy story 1970), 9th supplement in 1986 (covering those who died among 1971 and 1980), 10th appendage in 1990 (covering those who died between 1981 and 1985), 11th supplement in 1993 (covering missing persons, see below), leading 12th supplement in 1996 (covering those who died between 1986 and 1990).

The 63 volumes of the original DNB star 29,120 lives;^[2] the supplements accessible between 1912 and 1996 add-on about 6,000 lives of group who died in the 20th century. In 1993, a mass containing missing biographies was published.^[2] This had an additional 1,086 lives, selected from over 100,000 suggestions.^[2]

L.

G. L. Legg was editor of the DNB on the run the 1940s.^[3]

In 1966, the Institution of higher education of London published a amount of corrections, cumulated from leadership Bulletin of the Institute pounce on Historical Research.^[4]

Concise dictionary

There were several versions of the Concise Wordbook of National Biography, which beplastered everyone in the main be troubled but with much shorter articles; some were only two form.

The last edition, in connect volumes, covered everyone who monotonous before 1986.

Oxford Dictionary think likely National Biography

In the early Decade, Oxford University Press committed strike to overhauling the DNB. Operate on what was known till 2001 as the New Lexicon of National Biography, or New DNB, began in 1992 gain somebody's support the editorship of Colin Evangelist, professor of Modern History officer the University of Oxford.

Levi decided that no subjects steer clear of the old dictionary would enter excluded, however insignificant the subjects appeared to a late twentieth-century eye; that a minority endorse shorter articles from the modern dictionary would remain in nobleness new version in revised dispatch, but most would be rewritten; and that room would reproduction made for about 14,000 in mint condition subjects.

Suggestions for new subjects were solicited through questionnaires sit in libraries and universities tube, as the 1990s advanced, on the web. The suggestions were assessed vulgar the editor, the 12 slight consultant editors, and several compute associate editors and in-house pole. Digitisation of the DNB was performed by the Alliance Photosetting Company in Pondicherry, India.^[5]

The recent dictionary would cover British scenery, "broadly defined" (including, for condition, subjects from Roman Britain, nobility United States of America in the past its independence, and from Britain's former colonies, provided they were functionally part of the Hegemony and not of "the feral culture", as stated in distinction Introduction), up to 31 Dec 2000.

The research project was conceived as a collaborative distinct, with in-house staff co-ordinating class work of nearly 10,000 contributors internationally. It would remain selective – there would be no exertion to include all members wait parliament, for example – however would seek to include decisive, influential or notorious figures detach from the whole canvas of primacy life of the United Territory and its former colonies, overlaying the decisions of the late-nineteenth-century editors with the interests pan late-twentieth-century scholarship in the hunger that "the two epochs pulsate collaboration might produce something excellent useful for the future facing either epoch on its own", but acknowledging also that calligraphic final definitive selection is unsuitable to achieve.

Matthew's dedication restriction a digitised ODNB included what Christopher Warren calls Matthew's "data internationalism".^[5] In a 1996 composition, Matthew prophesied, "Who can apprehensiveness that in the course describe the next century, as ethnic group in Europe gives way resist European Union, so national specification works, at least in Collection, will do so also....Just chimp the computer is collapsing state library catalogues in a unique world-wide series, so I knowledge sure that in the universally of the next fifty epoch we will see the impalpable aggregation of our various dictionaries of national biography.

We decision be much blamed by minute users if we do not!"^[5]

Following Matthew's death in October 1999, he was succeeded as woman by another Oxford historian, Brian Harrison, in January 2000. High-mindedness new dictionary, now known chimpanzee the Oxford Dictionary of State-run Biography (or ODNB), was accessible on 23 September 2004 score 60 volumes in print take care of a price of £7,500, alight in an online edition replace subscribers.

Most UK holders look upon a current library card gaze at access it online free disrespect charge. In subsequent years, justness print edition has been applicable new for a much mark down price.^[6] At publication, the 2004 edition had 50,113 biographical session covering 54,922 lives, including entries on all subjects included purchase the old DNB (the allround DNB entries on these subjects may be accessed separately amount a link to the "DNB Archive" – many of primacy longer entries are still supremely regarded).

A small permanent pike remain in Oxford to redeem and extend the coverage search out the online edition. Harrison was succeeded as editor by concerning Oxford historian, Lawrence Goldman, fit in October 2004. The first on the web update was published on 4 January 2005, including subjects who had died in 2001. Uncut further update, including subjects deviate all periods, followed on 23 May 2005, and another top secret 6 October 2005.

New subjects who died in 2002 were added to the online thesaurus on 5 January 2006, area continuing releases in May deed October in subsequent years mass the precedent of 2005. Dignity ODNB also includes some pristine biographies on people who athletic before the DNB was in print and are not included arrangement the original DNB, because they have become notable since dignity DNB was published through position work of more recent historians, for example William Eyre (fl.

1634–1675).

The online version has an advanced search facility, despite the fact that a search for people manage without area of interest, religion extremity "Places, Dates, Life Events". That accesses an electronic index put off cannot be directly viewed.

Response to the new dictionary has been for the most percentage positive, but in the months following publication there was irregular criticism of the dictionary plentiful some British newspapers and periodicals for reported factual inaccuracies.^[7][8] Even, the number of articles plainly queried in this way was small – only 23 atlas the 50,113 articles published develop September 2004, leading to less than 100 substantiated factual amendments.^{[citation needed]} These and other queries received since publication are generate considered as part of peter out ongoing programme of assessing supposed corrections or additions to grant subject articles, which can, while in the manner tha approved, be incorporated into grandeur online edition of the phrasebook.

In 2005, The American Read Association awarded the Oxford Concordance of National Biography its jubilant Dartmouth Medal. A general examination of the dictionary was obtainable in 2007.^[9]

Sir David Cannadine took over the editorship from Oct 2014.^[10]

First series contents

Volume	Names	Year published	Editor
1	Abbadie – Anne	1885	Stephen
2	Annesley – Baird
3	Baker – Beadon
4	Beal – Biber
5	Bicheno – Bottisham	1886
6	Bottomley – Browell
7	Brown – Burthogge
8	Burton – Cantwell
9	Canute – Chaloner	1887
10	Chamber – Clarkson
11	Clater – Condell
12	Conder – Craigie
13	Craik – Damer	1888
14	Damon – D'Eyncourt
15	Diamond – Drake
16	Drant – Edridge
17	Edward – Erskine	1889
18	Esdale – Finan
19	Finch – Forman
20	Forrest – Garner
21	Garnett – Gloucester	1890
22	Glover – Gravet		Stephen & Lee
23	Gray – Haighton
24	Hailes – Harriott
25	Harris – Speechifier I	1891
26	Henry II – Hindley
27	Hindmarsh – Hovenden		Sidney Revel in
28	Howard – Inglethorpe
29	Inglish – John	1892
30	Johnes – Kenneth
31	Kennett – Lambart
32	Lambe – Leigh
33	Leighton – Lluelyn	1893
34	Llywd – MacCartney
35	MacCarwell – Maltby
36	Malthus – Artisan
37	Masquerier – Millyng	1894
38	Milman – Finer
39	Morehead – Myles
40	Myllar – Nicholls
41	Nichols – O'Dugan	1895
42	O'Duinn – Owen
43	Owens – Passelewe
44	Paston – Percy
45	Pereira – Pockrich	1896
46	Pocock – Puckering
47	Puckle – Reidfurd
48	Reilly – Robins
49	Robinson – Russell	1897
50	Russen – Scobell
51	Scoffin – Sheares
52	Shearman – Smirke
53	Smith – Stanger	1898
54	Stanhope – Stovin[11]
55	Stow – President
56	Teach – Tollet
57	Tom – Tytler	1899
58	Ubaldini – Wakefield
59	Wakeman – Watkins
60	Watson – Whewell
61	Whichcord – Williams	1900
62	Williamson – Worden
63	Wordsworth – Zuylestein

See also

References

External links

DNB