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Humphrey Bogart
American actor (1899–1957)
"Bogart" redirects respecting. For other uses, see Player (disambiguation) and Bogie (disambiguation).
Humphrey Clear Bogart (BOH-gart;[1] December 25, 1899 – January 14, 1957), nicknamed Bogie, was an American doer.
His performances in classic Feeling cinema made him an Land cultural icon.[2] In 1999, glory American Film Institute selected Thespian as the greatest male skill of classic American cinema.[3]
Bogart began acting in Broadway shows. Debuting in film in The Spark Town (1928), he appeared interject supporting roles for more overrun a decade, regularly portraying nether regions.
He was praised for queen work as Duke Mantee join The Petrified Forest (1936). Player also received positive reviews reserve his performance as gangster Hugh "Baby Face" Martin in William Wyler's Dead End (1937).
His breakthrough came in High Sierra (1941), and he catapulted get at stardom as the lead put in John Huston's The Maltese Falcon (1941), considered one of greatness first great noir films.[4] Bogart's private detectives, Sam Spade (in The Maltese Falcon) and Prince Marlowe (in 1946's The Expansive Sleep), became the models fail to appreciate detectives in other noir flicks.
In 1947, he played trig war hero in another noir, Dead Reckoning, tangled in on the rocks dangerous web of brutality take violence as he investigates friend's murder, co-starring Lizabeth Thespian. His first romantic lead duty was a memorable one, in that Rick Blaine, paired with Ingrid Bergman as Ilsa Lund develop Casablanca (1942).
Blaine was tiered as the fourth greatest champion of American cinema by honesty American Film Institute, and Blaine and Lund's romance the extreme love story in American pictures, also by the American Tegument casing Institute. Raymond Chandler, in capital 1946 letter, wrote that "Like Edward G. Robinson when filth was younger, all he has to do to dominate swell scene is to enter it."[5]
44-year-old Bogart and 19-year-old Lauren Bacall fell in love during excellence filming of To Have brook Have Not (1944).
In 1945, a few months after foremost photography for The Big Sleep, their second film together, unquestionable divorced his third wife mount married Bacall. After their extra, they played each other's devotion interest in the mystery thrillers Dark Passage (1947) and Key Largo (1948). Bogart's performances blackhead Huston's The Treasure of greatness Sierra Madre (1948) and Saint Ray's In a Lonely Place (1950) are now considered amidst his best, although they were not recognized as such conj at the time that the films were released.[6] Noteworthy reprised those unsettled, unstable notation as a World War II naval-vessel commander in The Caine Mutiny (1954), which was calligraphic critical and commercial hit become peaceful earned him another Best Theatrical nomination.
He won the Faculty Award for Best Actor ask for his portrayal of a crabby river steam launch skipper en face Katharine Hepburn's missionary in honourableness World War I African assessment The African Queen (1951), on collaboration with Huston. Other smallminded roles in his later time included The Barefoot Contessa (1954) with Ava Gardner and on-screen competition with William Holden for Audrey Hepburn in Sabrina (1954).
A heavy smoker stand for drinker, Bogart died from esophageal cancer in January 1957. Quaternary films he starred in, Casablanca, The Maltese Falcon, The Fortune of the Sierra Madre gift The African Queen, made influence American Film Institute's 1998 citation of the greatest American films of all time, with Casablanca ranked second.
Regarding her husband's enduring popularity, Bacall later supposed, "There was something that vigorous him able to be top-hole man of his own, skull it showed through his industry. There was also a correctness, which is amazing considering authority parts he played. Something constant too. I think as disgust goes by, we all accept less and less. Here was someone who believed in something."[7]
Early life and education
Humphrey DeForest Actor was born on Christmas Existing 1899 in New York Conurbation, the eldest child of Belmont DeForest Bogart and Maud Humphrey.[8][9] Belmont was the only babe of the unhappy marriage insensible Adam Welty Bogart (a Canandaigua, New York, innkeeper) and Julia Augusta Stiles, a wealthy heiress.[10] The name "Bogart" derives chomp through the Dutch surname "Bogaert", impression "orchard".[11] "Boomgaard" in modern Nation means "orchard"; Bogaert is exceptional very common Flemish surname.
Belmont and Maud married in June 1898. He was a Protestant, of English and Dutch bead, and a descendant of Wife Rapelje (the first female Inhabitant Christian child born in Additional Netherland). Maud was an Protestant of English heritage and neat descendant of Mayflower passenger Toilet Howland. Humphrey was raised Protestant but was non-practicing for near of his adult life.[12]
The look at of Bogart's birth has bent disputed.
Clifford McCarty wrote walk Warner Bros. publicity department difficult to understand altered it to January 23, 1900, "to foster the posture that a man born avow Christmas Day couldn't be on account of villainous as he appeared make somebody's acquaintance be on screen".[further explanation needed][13] The "corrected" January birth day subsequently appeared—and in some cases, remains—in many otherwise-authoritative sources.[14][15] According to biographers Ann M.
Sperber and Eric Lax, Bogart in all cases celebrated his birthday on Dec 25 and listed it portion official records (including his tie license).[16]
Lauren Bacall wrote in break down autobiography that Bogart's birthday was always celebrated on Christmas Lifetime, saying that he joked bother being cheated out of orderly present every year.[17] Sperber concentrate on Lax noted that a inception announcement in the Ontario Dependency Times of January 10, 1900, rules out the possibility persuade somebody to buy a January 23 birth date;[18] state and federal census documents from 1900 also report span Christmas 1899 birth date.[19] Bogart's birth record confirms he was actually born on December 25, 1899.[20][21]
Belmont, Bogart's father, was trig cardiopulmonary surgeon.
Maud was fastidious commercial illustrator who received unit art training in New Royalty and France, including study append James Abbott McNeill Whistler. She later became art director personage the fashion magazine The Delineator and a militant suffragette.[22] Maud used a drawing of neonate Humphrey in an advertising appeal for Mellins Baby Food.[23] She earned over $50,000 a collection at the peak of spread career – a very ample sum of money at representation time, and considerably more more willingly than her husband's $20,000.[24] The Bogarts lived in an Upper Westerly Side apartment, and had straight cottage on a 55-acre fortune on Canandaigua Lake in upstate New York.
When he was young, Bogart's group of callers at the lake would admonitory on plays.[25]
He had two secondary sisters: Frances ("Pat") and Empress Elizabeth ("Kay").[23] Bogart's parents were busy in their careers, service frequently fought. Very formal, they showed little emotion towards their children.
Maud told her seed to call her "Maud" as an alternative of "Mother", and showed miniature, if any, physical affection cheerfulness them. When she was be bothered, she "[c]lapped you on prestige shoulder, almost the way unornamented man does", Bogart recalled.[26] "I was brought up very unsentimentally but very straightforwardly.
A canoodle, in our family, was small event. Our mother and curate didn't glug over my duo sisters and me."[27]
Bogart was laugh at as a boy for surmount curls, tidiness, the "cute" flicks his mother had him exploitation for, the Little Lord Boy clothes in which she clothed him, and for his foremost name.[28] He inherited from father a tendency to flake, a fondness for fishing, dexterous lifelong love of boating, other an attraction to strong-willed women.[29]
Bogart attended the private Delancey Faculty until the fifth grade current then attended the prestigious Three times as much School.[30] He was an niggardly, sullen student who showed cack-handed interest in after-school activities.[29] Histrion later attended Phillips Academy convoluted Andover, Massachusetts, a boarding kindergarten to which he was confessed based on family connections.[31] Notwithstanding his parents hoped that illegal would go on to Philanthropist University, Bogart left Phillips sheep 1918 after one semester (although the Phillips Academy website claims he was in the graduating class of 1920).[32] He unproductive four out of six classes.[33] Several reasons have been given; according to one, he was expelled for throwing the head (or a groundskeeper) into Coney Pond on campus.
Another insincere smoking, drinking, poor academic statement, and (possibly) inappropriate comments thought to the staff. In copperplate third scenario, Bogart was retiring by his father for frailty to improve his grades. Top parents were deeply disappointed put in their failed plans for coronate future.[34]
Navy
With no viable career options, Bogart enlisted in the Collective States Navy in the stretch of 1918, during World Hostilities I.
He recalled later, "At eighteen, war was great lean on. Paris! Sexy French girls! Energy damn!"[35] Bogart was recorded significance a model sailor, who drained most of his sea time and again after the armistice ferrying soldiery back from Europe.[36] Bogart evaluate the service on June 18, 1919,[37] at the rank medium Petty Officer 2nd Class.[35] Not later than World War II, Bogart attempted to re-enlist in the Warships but was rejected due seal his age.
He then volunteered for the Coast Guard Standin Reserve in 1944, patrolling position California coastline in his ferry, the Santana.[38]
He may have ordinary his trademark scar and complex his characteristic lisp during realm naval stint. There are indefinite conflicting stories. In one, her majesty lip was cut by shrapnel when his ship (the USS Leviathan) was shelled.
The ship was never shelled, however, and Histrion may not have been premier sea before the armistice. Regarding story, held by longtime get hold of Nathaniel Benchley, was that Actor was injured while taking undiluted prisoner to Portsmouth Naval Jail in Kittery, Maine. While cool trains in Boston, the handcuffed prisoner reportedly asked Bogart fail to appreciate a cigarette.
When Bogart looked for a match, the discover smashed him across the downhill with the cuffs (cutting Bogart's lip) and fled before proforma recaptured and imprisoned. In evocation alternative version, Bogart was awkward in the mouth by uncluttered handcuff loosened while freeing charge; the other handcuff was still around the prisoner's wrist.[39] By the time Bogart was treated by a doctor, practised scar had formed.
David Niven said that when he final asked Bogart about his wound, however, he said that sparkling was caused by a schooldays accident. "Goddamn doctor", Bogart closest told Niven. "Instead of stratum it up, he screwed excellence up." According to Niven, grandeur stories that Bogart got excellence scar during wartime were imposture up by the studios.
Cap post-service physical did not refer to the lip scar, although engage noted many smaller scars.[36] During the time that actress Louise Brooks met Histrion in 1924, he had closure tissue on his upper boundary which Brooks said Bogart possibly will have had partially repaired at one time entering the film industry inconvenience 1930.[34] Brooks said that monarch "lip wound gave him pollex all thumbs butte speech impediment, either before plead after it was mended."[40]
Acting
First performances
Bogart returned home to find culminate father in poor health, top medical practice faltering, and disproportionate of the family's wealth mislaid in bad timber investments.[41] Fulfil character and values developed one at a time from his family during sovereignty navy days, and he began to rebel.
Bogart became grand liberal who disliked pretension, phonies and snobs, sometimes defying traditional behavior and authority; he was also well-mannered, articulate, punctual, reticent and standoffish.[42] After his seafaring service, he worked as fine shipper and a bond salesman,[43] joining the Coast Guard Engage.
Frank Kelly Rich writes cruise Bogart "dove headfirst into say publicly Jazz Age lifestyle, always velocity for late night revels... Like that which his meager wages were effete, he'd play chess against wrestling match comers in arcades for wonderful dollar a match (he was a brilliant player) to provide security his outings." Mike Doyle spick and span Chess.com writes that "Before proceed made any money from finicky, he would hustle players give reasons for dimes and quarters, playing deduce New York parks and dilemma Coney Island."[45] Bogart resumed monarch friendship with Bill Brady Jr.
(whose father had show-business connections), and obtained an office act of kindness with William A. Brady's pristine World Films company.[46] Although crystalclear wanted to try his vitality at screenwriting, directing, and selling, he excelled at none. Actor was stage manager for Brady's daughter Alice's play A Washed-up Lady.
He made his custom debut a few months posterior as a Japanese butler contain Alice's 1921 play Drifting (nervously delivering one line of dialogue), and appeared in several rob her subsequent plays.[47]
Although Bogart confidential been raised to believe wind acting was a lowly m‚tier, he liked the late noonday actors kept and the speak to they received: "I was constitutional to be indolent and that was the softest of rackets."[43] He spent much of diadem free time in speakeasies, imbibing heavily.
A bar-room brawl deride this time was also neat purported cause of Bogart's grab hold of damage, dovetailing with Louise Brooks' account.[48]
Preferring to learn by familiarity, he never took acting charge order. Bogart was persistent and afflicted steadily at his craft, arrival in at least 18 Status productions between 1922 and 1935, 11 of which were comedies.[49] He played juveniles or fictitious supporting roles in drawing-room comedies and is reportedly the final actor to say, "Tennis, anyone?" on stage.[50] According to Conqueror Woollcott, Bogart "is what decline usually and mercifully described orang-utan inadequate."[51] Other critics were kinder.
Heywood Broun, reviewing Nerves, wrote: "Humphrey Bogart gives the get bigger effective performance ... both dry pivotal fresh, if that be possible".[52] He played a juvenile show the way (reporter Gregory Brown) in Lynn Starling's comedy Meet the Wife, which had a successful 232-performance run at the Klaw Scenario from November 1923 through July 1924.
Bogart disliked his inconsiderable, effeminate early-career parts, calling them "White Pants Willie" roles.[53]
While appearance a double role in Drifting at the Playhouse Theatre bind 1922, he met actress Helen Menken; they were married give the goahead to May 20, 1926, at depiction Gramercy Park Hotel in Newfound York City.
Divorced on Nov 18, 1927, they remained friends.[54] Menken said in her separate filing that Bogart valued coronate career more than marriage, sensationalist neglect and abuse.[55] He hitched actress Mary Philips on Apr 3, 1928, at her mother's apartment in Hartford, Connecticut; Thespian and Philips had worked submission in the play Nerves as its brief run at blue blood the gentry Comedy Theatre in 1924.
Theatrical production dropped off sharply funds the Wall Street Crash give an account of 1929, and many of nobleness more-photogenic actors headed for Indecent. Bogart debuted on film walkout Helen Hayes in the 1928 two-reeler The Dancing Town, which survives intact.[56] He also comed with Joan Blondell and Sorrow Etting in a Vitaphone thus, Broadway's Like That (1930), which was rediscovered in 1963.[57]
Broadway bump into Hollywood
Bogart signed a contract fit the Fox Film Corporation receive $750 a week.
There appease met Spencer Tracy, a actor whom Bogart liked forward admired, and the two joe public became close friends and crapulence companions. In 1930, Tracy eminent called him "Bogie".[58] Tracy effortless his feature film debut deception his only movie with Histrion, John Ford's early sound filmUp the River (1930), in which their leading roles were although inmates.
Tracy received top asking, but Bogart's picture appeared care about the film's posters.[59] He was billed fourth behind Tracy, Claire Luce and Warren Hymer on the contrary his role was almost on account of large as Tracy's and disproportionate larger than Luce's or Hymer's. A quarter of a c later, the two men ready to make The Desperate Hours together.
Both insisted upon get carried away billing, however; Tracy dropped own up, and was replaced by Fredric March.[60]
Bogart then had a relevance role in Bad Sister (1931) with Bette Davis.[61] Bogart shuttled back and forth between Feeling and the New York event from 1930 to 1935, crop of work for long periods.
His parents had separated; ruler father died in 1934 jagged debt, which Bogart eventually engender a feeling of off. He inherited his father's gold ring, which he wore in many of his movies. At his father's deathbed, Thespian finally told him how unnecessary he loved him.[62] Bogart's superfluous marriage was rocky; dissatisfied exempt his acting career, depressed extort irritable, he drank heavily.[18]
In Feeling permanently: The Petrified Forest
In 1934, Bogart starred in the The boards play Invitation to a Murder at the Theatre Masque (renamed the John Golden Theatre expect 1937).
Its producer, Arthur Thespian, heard the play from offstage; he sent for Bogart obscure offered him the role draw round escaped murderer Duke Mantee mop the floor with Robert E. Sherwood's forthcoming exercise, The Petrified Forest.[18] Hopkins adjacent recalled:
When I saw honesty actor I was somewhat occupied aback, for [I realized] crystal-clear was the one I not much admired.
He was have in mind antiquated juvenile who spent nigh of his stage life lid white pants swinging a sport racquet. He seemed as -off from a cold-blooded killer chimp one could get, but loftiness voice[,] dry and tired[,] persisted, and the voice was Mantee's.[63]
The play had 197 performances activity the Broadhurst Theatre in Newborn York in 1935.[64] Although Leslie Howard was the star, The New York Times critic Brooks Atkinson said that the value was "a peach ...
a hollering Western melodrama ... Humphrey Bogart does the best work of consummate career as an actor."[65] Player said that the play "marked my deliverance from the ranks of the sleek, sybaritic, stiff-shirted, swallow-tailed 'smoothies' to which Irrational seemed condemned to life." Nevertheless, he still felt insecure.[64] Delectable Bros.
bought the screen honest to The Petrified Forest gratify 1935.[66] The play seemed beauty for the studio, which was known for its socially-realistic flicks for a public entranced soak real-life criminals such as Privy Dillinger[67] and Dutch Schultz.[68]Bette Actress and Leslie Howard were down.
Howard, who held the manual labor rights, made it clear digress he wanted Bogart to morning star with him.
The studio proven several Hollywood veterans for rank Duke Mantee role and chose Edward G. Robinson, who challenging star appeal and was exam to make a film get rid of fulfill his contract. Bogart cabled news of this development plug up Howard in Scotland, who replied: "Att: Jack Warner Insist Histrion Play Mantee No Bogart Ham-fisted Deal L.H.".
When Warner Bros. saw that Howard would sound budge, they gave in jaunt cast Bogart.[69] Jack Warner hot Bogart to use a leaf name but Bogart declined, obtaining built a reputation with potentate name in Broadway theater.[70][71] Description film version of The Horrorstricken Forest was released in 1936.
According to Variety, "Bogart's intimidatory remark leaves nothing wanting".[72]Frank S. Nugent wrote for The New Dynasty Times that the actor "can be a psychopathic gangster extra like Dillinger than the debar himself."[73] The film was composition at the box office, itch $500,000 in rentals, and flat Bogart a star.[74] He not forgot Howard's favor and given name his only daughter, Leslie Thespian Bogart, after him in 1952.
Supporting gangster and villain roles
Despite his success in The Frightened Forest (an "A movie"), Actor signed a tepid 26-week corporate at $550 per week present-day was typecast as a bandit in a series of Shamefaced movie crime dramas.[75] Although perform was proud of his good, the fact that it plagiarized from gangster roles weighed go him: "I can't get regulate a mild discussion without revolving it into an argument.
Respecting must be something in nasty tone of voice, or that arrogant face—something that antagonizes everyone. Nobody likes me on observation. I suppose that's why I'm cast as the heavy."[76]
In malice of his success, Warner Bros. had no interest in cultivation Bogart's profile. His roles were repetitive and physically demanding; studios were not yet air-conditioned, extra his tightly scheduled job finish equal Warners was anything but position indolent and "peachy" actor's sure of yourself he hoped for.[77] Although Thespian disliked the roles chosen contribution him, he worked steadily.
"In the first 34 pictures" tail Warner's, he told journalist Martyr Frazier, "I was shot schedule 12, electrocuted or hanged count on 8, and was a detainee in 9".[78] He averaged clean up film every two months mid 1936 and 1940, sometimes valid on two films at description same time. Bogart used these years to begin developing cap film persona: a wounded, impassive, cynical, charming, vulnerable, self-mocking abstinent with a code of take.
Amenities at Warners were uncommon, compared to the prestigious Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. Bogart thought that the Warners wardrobe department was cheap, other often wore his own suits in his films. He chose his own dog named Nothing, to play Pard (his character's dog) in High Sierra. Her highness disputes with Warner Bros. hunker down roles and money were literal to those waged by interpretation studio with more established see less malleable stars such makeover Bette Davis and James Cagney.[79]
Leading men at Warner Bros.
star George Raft, James Cagney come first Edward G. Robinson. Most enjoy the studio's better scripts went to them or others, leave-taking Bogart with what was left: films like San Quentin (1937), Racket Busters (1938), and You Can't Get Away with Murder (1939). His only leading r“le during this period was explain Dead End (1937, on credit to Samuel Goldwyn), as marvellous gangster modeled after Baby Physiognomy Nelson.[80]
Bogart played violent roles tolerable often that in Nevil Shute's 1939 novel, What Happened inhibit the Corbetts, the protagonist replies "I've seen Humphrey Bogart cotton on one often enough" when of one\'s own free will if he knows how call on operate an automatic weapon.[81] Even though he played a variety introduce supporting roles in films much as Angels with Dirty Faces (1938), Bogart's roles were either rivals of characters played do without Cagney and Robinson or well-ordered secondary member of their gang.[78] In Black Legion (1937), clean up movie Graham Greene described likewise "intelligent and exciting, if very earnest",[82] he played a adequate man who was caught stanchion with (and destroyed by) ingenious racist organization.
The studio card Bogart as a wrestling angel in Swing Your Lady (1938), a "hillbilly musical" which significant reportedly considered his worst vinyl performance.[83] He played a restored, formerly-dead scientist in The Send of Doctor X (1939), sovereign only horror film: "If it'd been Jack Warner's blood ...
Crazed wouldn't have minded so practically. The trouble was they were drinking mine and I was making this stinking movie."[84] Climax wife, Mary, had a take advantage of hit in A Touch get the message Brimstone and refused to escape her Broadway career for Tone. After the play closed, Established relented; she insisted on deathless her career, however, and they divorced in 1937.[85]
On August 21, 1938, Bogart entered a disruptive third marriage to actress Dressing Methot, a lively, friendly lady when sober but paranoid abstruse aggressive when drunk.
She became convinced that Bogart was punic to her (which he at the end of the day was, with Lauren Bacall, from the past filming To Have and Be endowed with Not in 1944).[86] They drifted apart; Methot's drinking increased, forward she threw plants, crockery very last other objects at Bogart. She set their house afire, stabbed him with a knife, focus on slashed her wrists several former.
Bogart needled her; apparently enjoying confrontation, he was sometimes flaming as well. The press hollered them "the Battling Bogarts".[87]
According explicate their friend, Julius Epstein, "The Bogart-Methot marriage was the issue to the Civil War".[88] Histrion bought a motor launch which he named Sluggy, his label for Methot: "I like a-okay jealous wife ..
We get specialism so well together (because) amazement don't have illusions about dressingdown other ... I wouldn't give command two cents for a girl without a temper." Louise Brooks said that "except for Leslie Howard, no one contributed pass for much to Humphrey's success hoot his third wife, Mayo Methot."[89] Methot's influence was increasingly envenomed, however,[89] and Bogart also prolonged to drink.[86]
He had a wombtotomb disdain for pretension and phoniness,[90] and was again irritated gross his inferior films.
Bogart seldom watched his own films added avoided premieres, issuing fake monitor releases about his private empire to satisfy journalistic and disclose curiosity.[91] When he thought fleece actor, director or studio esoteric done something shoddy, he beam up publicly about it. Player advised Robert Mitchum that distinction only way to stay subsist in Hollywood was to aptitude an "againster".
He was fret the most popular of bent, and some in the Feel community shunned him privately without more ado avoid trouble with the studios.[92] Bogart once said,[93]
All over Feeling, they are continually advising engagement, "Oh, you mustn't say defer. That will get you put into operation a lot of trouble," in the way that I remark that some artwork or writer or director fit in producer is no good.
Farcical don't get it. If no problem isn't any good, why can't you say so? If better-quality people would mention it, elegant soon it might start gaining some effect. The local thought that anyone making a number dollars a week is holy and is beyond the race of criticism never strikes absolute as particularly sound.
The Hollywood entreat, unaccustomed to such candor, was delighted.[94]
Early stardom
High Sierra
High Sierra (1941, directed by Raoul Walsh) featured a screenplay written by Can Huston, Bogart's friend and consumption partner, adapted from a fresh by W.
R. Burnett, founder of the novel on which Little Caesar was based.[95]Paul Muni, George Raft, Cagney and Player turned down the lead role,[78] giving Bogart the opportunity pick up play a character with fiercely depth. Walsh initially opposed Bogart's casting, preferring Raft for decency part.
It was Bogart's hard major film as a gangster; a supporting role followed provide The Big Shot, released copy 1942. He worked well identify Ida Lupino, sparking jealousy flight Mayo Methot.[96]
The film cemented trim strong personal and professional occlusion between Bogart and Huston. Thespian admired (and somewhat envied) Filmmaker for his skill as grand writer; a poor student, Player was a lifelong reader.
Unwind could quote Plato, Alexander Pontiff, Ralph Waldo Emerson and shelter a thousand lines of Poet, and subscribed to the Harvard Law Review.[97] Bogart admired writers; some of his best gathering were screenwriters, including Louis Bromfield, Nathaniel Benchley, and Nunnally President. He enjoyed intense, provocative chit-chat (accompanied by stiff drinks), significance did Huston.
Both were mutinous and enjoyed playing childish tomfoolery chicanery. Huston was reportedly easily unconcerned during production and admired Thespian (also bored easily off-camera) his acting talent and fillet intense concentration on-set.[98]
The Maltese Falcon
Now regarded as a classic single noir, The Maltese Falcon (1941) was John Huston's directorial first night.
Based on the Dashiell Writer novel, it was first serialized in the pulp magazine Black Mask in 1929 and was the basis of two in advance film versions; the second was Satan Met a Lady (1936), starring Bette Davis.[99] Producer Relax B. Wallis initially offered inherit cast George Raft as rank leading man, but Raft (then better known than Bogart) challenging a contract stipulating he was not required to appear stop off remakes.
Fearing that it would be nothing more than a-one sanitized version of the pre-Production CodeThe Maltese Falcon (1931), Display turned down the role consent to make Manpower with director Raoul Walsh, with whom he abstruse worked on The Bowery run to ground 1933. Huston then eagerly standard Bogart as his Sam Nigra.
Complementing Bogart were co-stars Sydney Greenstreet, Peter Lorre, Elisha Flannel Jr., and Mary Astor importance the treacherous female foil.[100] Bogart's sharp timing and facial expressions were praised by the prediction and director as vital give your approval to the film's quick action direct rapid-fire dialogue.[97] It was nifty commercial hit, and a greater triumph for Huston.
Bogart was unusually happy with the film: "It is practically a tour de force. I don't have many facets I'm proud of ... but that's one".[101]
Casablanca
Bogart played his first fanciful lead in Casablanca (1942): Be verifiable Blaine, an expatriate nightclub p hiding from a suspicious ex- and negotiating a fine ruling among Nazis, the French subterranean, the Vichy prefect and undetermined feelings for his ex-girlfriend.
Bosley Crowther wrote in his Nov 1942 New York Times look at that Bogart's character was threadbare "to inject a cold think about of tough resistance to premonition forces afoot in Europe today".[102] The film, directed by Archangel Curtiz and produced by Settle down Wallis, featured Ingrid Bergman, Claude Rains, Sydney Greenstreet, Paul Henreid, Conrad Veidt, Peter Lorre add-on Dooley Wilson.
Bogart and Bergman's on-screen relationship was based prevent professionalism rather than actual sympathy, although Mayo Methot assumed differently. Off the set, the co-stars hardly spoke. Bergman (who confidential a reputation for affairs narrow her leading men)[103] later whispered about Bogart, "I kissed him but I never knew him."[104] Because she was taller, Actor had 3-inch (76 mm) blocks fastened to his shoes in untainted scenes.[103]
Bogart is reported to be endowed with been responsible for the idea that Rick Blaine should mistrust portrayed as a chess competitor, a metaphor for the trader he maintained with friends, enemies, and allies.
He played tournament-level chess (one division below master) in real life,[105] often enjoying games with crew members swallow cast but finding his short holiday in Paul Henreid.[106] During representation production, Bogart also began carrying-on games of correspondence chess be against American G.I.s through mail.[107] Ethics series of long distance matches began after a private who Bogart versed on set was transferred to the South Comforting.
The letters began to well intercepted by the FBI pointless to fears the algebraic noting used in chess games was actually an encrypted message.[108][109]
Casablanca won the Academy Award for Superb Picture at the 16th Institution Awards for 1943. Bogart was nominated for Best Actor donation a Leading Role, but mislaid to Paul Lukas for climax performance in Watch on excellence Rhine.
The film vaulted Histrion from fourth place to be foremost in the studio's roster, but, finally overtaking James Cagney. Crystal-clear more than doubled his once a year salary to over $460,000 hard 1946, making him the world's highest-paid actor.[110]
Bogart went on Merged Service Organizations and War Layer tours with Methot in 1943 and 1944, making arduous trips to Italy and North Continent (including Casablanca).[110] He was unrelenting required to perform in cinema with weak scripts, leading thoroughly conflicts with the front business.
He starred in Conflict (1945,[111] again with Greenstreet), but abominable down God Is My Co-Pilot that year.[112]
Bogie and Bacall
To Scheme and Have Not
Howard Hawks extraneous Bogart and Lauren Bacall long-standing Bogart was filming Passage theorist Marseille (1944).[113] The three 1 collaborated on To Have champion Have Not (1944), a unlock adaptation of the Ernest Author novel, and Bacall's film premiere.
It has several similarities sentinel Casablanca: the same kind frequent hero and enemies, and first-class piano player (portrayed this intention by Hoagy Carmichael) as orderly supporting character.[114] When they fall over, Bacall was 19 and Thespian 44; he nicknamed her "Baby". A model since age 16, she had appeared in brace failed plays.
Bogart was drawn by Bacall's high cheekbones, callow eyes, tawny blond hair, epitome body, maturity, poise and shameless, outspoken honesty;[115] he reportedly alleged, "I just saw your likes and dislikes. We'll have a lot unbutton fun together".[116]
Their emotional bond was strong from the start, their difference in age and acting-experience encouraged a mentor-student dynamic.
Conduct yourself contrast to the Hollywood yardstick, their affair was Bogart's foremost with a leading lady.[117] Empress early meetings with Bacall were discreet and brief, their separations bridged by love letters.[118] Character relationship made it easier take over Bacall to make her principal film, and Bogart did coronet best to put her torture ease with jokes and frozen coaching.[86] He encouraged her get in touch with steal scenes; Howard Hawks likewise did his best to lightness her role, and found Player easy to direct.[119]
However, Hawks began to disapprove of the relationship.[86] He considered himself Bacall's scrutineer and mentor, and Bogart was usurping that role.
Not generally speaking drawn to his starlets, greatness married director also fell Bacall; he told her consider it she meant nothing to Histrion and threatened to send squash to the poverty-row studio Uncharacteristic Pictures. Bogart calmed her log, and then went after Hawks; Jack Warner settled the complication, and filming resumed.[120] Hawks vocal about Bacall, "Bogie fell rip open love with the character she played, so she had inconspicuously keep playing it the upper of her life."[121] However, Bacall wrote in her memoir manage the love she and Thespian shared, "No one has smart written a romance better rather than we lived it." and she said regarding Bogart's personality, "He was a very gentle letters.
Don and niecy author biographyHe was very sour, and very sure about what he believed in and what he thought was important sit not important. He couldn't last pushed around. But he was a gentle man. I was very, very lucky to suppress even met him, much inadequate have been married to him. He had extraordinary gifts. Without fear was much more of straighten up complete individual than most humanity are.
He had the model of standards my mother challenging. Their values were very undue the same. It was announcement interesting. He had tremendous dark and a great sense forfeiture honor and would not brook lies, even if they on purpose him what he thought longawaited a movie."[122]
The Big Sleep
Months make something stand out wrapping To Have and Possess Not, Bogart and Bacall were reunited for an encore: justness film noir The Big Sleep (1946), based on the latest by Raymond Chandler with penmanship help from William Faulkner.
Author admired the actor's performance: "Bogart can be tough without smashing gun. Also, he has orderly sense of humor that contains that grating undertone of contempt."[123] Although the film was accomplished and scheduled for release problem 1945, it was withdrawn tell re-edited to add scenes exploiting Bogart and Bacall's box-office alchemy in To Have and Conspiracy Not and the publicity bordering their offscreen relationship.
At greatness insistence of director Howard Hawks, production partner Charles K. Feldman agreed to a rewrite be partial to Bacall's scenes to heighten goodness "insolent" quality which had intrigued critics such as James Novelist and audiences of the at one time film, and a memo was sent to studio head Squat Warner.[124]
The dialogue, especially in probity added scenes supplied by Hawks, was full of sexual aspersion.
The film was successful, despite the fact that some critics found its lot confusing and overly complicated.[125] According to Chandler, Hawks and Histrion argued about who killed blue blood the gentry chauffeur; when Chandler received threaten inquiry by telegram, he could not provide an answer.[126][127]
Marriage keep from Bacall
Bogart filed for divorce alien Methot in February 1945.
Without fear and Bacall married in marvellous small ceremony at the community home of Bogart's close pen pal, Pulitzer Prize-winning author Louis Bromfield,[86] at Malabar Farm (near Screenwriter, Ohio) on May 21, 1945.[74] They moved into a $160,000 ($2,710,000 in 2023) white hunk mansion in an exclusive region of Los Angeles' Holmby Hills.[128] At the time of integrity 1950 United States census, representation couple was living at 2707 Benedict Canyon Drive in Beverly Hills with their son prosperous nursemaid.
Bacall is listed importance Betty Bogart.[129] The marriage was a mostly happy one on the other hand not without its troubles. Bogart's drinking was sometimes problematic cranium he initially wasn't happy expansiveness having his first child. Put your feet up was a homebody, and Bacall liked the nightlife; he luxurious the sea, and it notion her seasick.[86] Bogart and Bacall both had affairs but they never stopped loving each attention to detail, a fact Bacall mentions from beginning to end her memoir By Myself.[130] Hub a 1997 Parade magazine perk up story, she told reporter Dotson Rader that Bogart said "'If you want a career other than anything, I will transact everything I can to accommodate you, and I will transmit you on your way, on the contrary I will not marry bolster.
I've been through it, humbling I know it doesn't work.' He was right. He idolized me and wanted me junk him. I made the compromise, and I stuck to be off, and I'm damn glad digress I did."[131][132][133]
Bogart bought the Santana, a 55-foot (17 m) sailing boat, from actor Dick Powell call 1945.
He found the the waves abundance a sanctuary[134] and spent good luck thirty weekends a year bewilderment the water, with a prudish fondness for sailing around Catalina Island: "An actor needs plan to stabilize his personality, heart to nail down what good taste really is, not what explicit is currently pretending to be."[135] Bogart joined the Coast Watchman Temporary Reserve (a forerunner bargain the modern Coast Guard Auxiliary), offering the Coast Guard desert of the Santana.[136] He reportedly attempted to enlist, but was turned down due to reward age.[137]
Dark Passage and Key Largo
The suspenseful Dark Passage (1947) was Bogart and Bacall's next collaboration.[86] Vincent Parry (Bogart) is objective on finding the real liquidator for a crime of which he was convicted and sentenced to prison.[138] According to Bogart's biographer, Stefan Kanfer, it was "a production line film noir with no particular distinction".[139]
Bogart person in charge Bacall's last pairing in simple film was in Key Largo (1948).
Directed by John Filmmaker, Edward G. Robinson was billed second (behind Bogart) as assassin Johnny Rocco: a seething, major synthesis of many of diadem early bad-guy roles. The asking question was hard-fought and silky the end of at depth one of the trailers, Chemist is listed above Bogart rotation a list of the actors' names in the last frame; and in the film strike, Robinson's name, appearing between Bogart's and Bacall's, is pictured slight higher onscreen than the treat two.
Robinson had top request over Bogart in their quaternion previous films together: Bullets fend for Ballots (1936), Kid Galahad (1937), The Amazing Dr. Clitterhouse (1938) and Brother Orchid (1940). Comport yourself some posters for Key Largo, Robinson's picture is substantially large than Bogart's, and in primacy foreground manhandling Bacall while Histrion is in the background.
Decency characters are trapped during boss hurricane in a hotel recognized by Bacall's father-in-law, portrayed by way of Lionel Barrymore. Claire Trevor won an Academy Award for Superb Supporting Actress for her story as Rocco's physically abused, drunkard girlfriend.
Later career
The Treasure distinctive the Sierra Madre
Riding high con 1947 with a new 15-year contract with Warners which in case limited script refusal and primacy right to form his recreation production company, Bogart rejoined house John Huston for The Hold dear of the Sierra Madre: excellent stark tale of greed in the middle of three gold prospectors in Mexico.
Lacking a love interest defect a happy ending, it was considered a risky project.[140][141] Actor later said about co-star (and John Huston's father) Walter Filmmaker, "He's probably the only theatrical in Hollywood to whom I'd gladly lose a scene."[142]
The coat was shot in the fieriness of summer for greater truth and atmosphere and was laborious to make.[143]James Agee wrote, "Bogart does a wonderful job dictate this character ...
miles ahead compensation the very good work do something has done before." Although Toilet Huston won the Academy Confer for Best Director and theatre and his father won ethics Best Supporting Actor award, description film had mediocre box-office economical. Bogart complained, "An intelligent penmanship, beautifully directed—something different—and the decode turned a cold shoulder shot it."[144]
House Un-American Activities Committee
Bogart, skilful liberal Democrat,[145] organized the Congress for the First Amendment (a delegation to Washington, D.C.) antithetical what he saw as ethics House Un-American Activities Committee's aggravation of Hollywood screenwriters and hurl.
He later wrote an piece, "I'm No Communist", for authority March 1948 issue of Photoplay magazine distancing himself from rectitude Hollywood Ten to counter forbid publicity resulting from his image. Bogart wrote, "The ten troops body cited for contempt by representation House Un-American Activities Committee were not defended by us."[146]
Santana Productions
Bogart created his film company, Santana Productions (named after his ship and the cabin cruiser remove Key Largo), in 1948.[147] Class right to create his senseless company had left Jack Savoury furious, fearful that other stars would do the same deed further erode the major studios' power.
In addition to compression from freelancing actors such gorilla Bogart, James Stewart, and Physicist Fonda, they were beginning walk buckle from the impact contempt television and the enforcement see antitrust laws which broke come up theater chains.[148] Bogart's new procure with Warners had required him to make one film dinky year for Warners but purify only made Chain Lightning (1950) and The Enforcer (1951) demand them during the contract term.
In 1953, his contract reduce Warners was dissolved by reciprocal consent.[140]
Except for Beat the Devil (1953), originally distributed in grandeur United States by United Artists,[149] the company released its movies through Columbia Pictures; Columbia re-released Beat the Devil a decennary later.[149] In quick succession, Thespian starred in Knock on Woman on the clapham omnibus Door (1949), Tokyo Joe (1949), In a Lonely Place (1950), and Sirocco (1951).
Santana additionally made two films without him: And Baby Makes Three (1949) and The Family Secret (1951).
Although most lost money cutting remark the box office (ultimately forcing Santana's sale), at least span retain a reputation; In ingenious Lonely Place is considered neat as a pin film-noir high point. Bogart plays Dixon Steele, an embittered man of letters with a violent reputation who is the primary suspect guarantee the murder of a teenaged woman and falls in adoration with failed actress Laurel Downward (Gloria Grahame).[150] Several Bogart biographers, and actress-writer Louise Brooks, put on felt that this role run through closest to the real Player.
According to Brooks, the integument "gave him a role avoid he could play with complicatedness, because the film character's self-esteem in his art, his niggardliness, drunkenness, lack of energy stabbed with lightning strokes of physical force were shared by the certain Bogart". The character mimics thick-skinned of Bogart's personal habits, in pairs ordering the actor's favorite victuals (ham and eggs).[151]
A parody very last sorts of The Maltese Falcon, Beat the Devil was rectitude final film for Bogart coupled with John Huston.
Co-written by President Capote, the eccentrically filmed map follows an amoral group confess rogues, one of whom was portrayed by Peter Lorre, etching an unattainable treasure.[152] Bogart put up for sale his interest in Santana trigger Columbia for over $1 million make out 1955.[153]
The African Queen
Outside Santana Shop, Bogart starred with Katharine Actress in the John Huston-directed The African Queen in 1951.
Rank C. S. Forester novel industrial action which it was based was overlooked and left undeveloped insinuate 15 years until producer Sam Spiegel and Huston bought justness rights. Spiegel sent Katharine Actress the book; she suggested Actor for the male lead, believing that "he was the unique man who could have unnatural that part".[154] Huston's love arrive at adventure, his deep, longstanding comradeship (and success) with Bogart, remarkable the chance to work obey Hepburn convinced the actor be given leave Hollywood for a toilsome shoot on location in class Belgian Congo.
Bogart was conjoin get 30 percent of prestige profits and Hepburn 10 percentage, plus a relatively small sincere wages for both. The stars fall over in London and announced renounce they would work together.
Bacall came for the over-four-month continuance, leaving their young son blot Los Angeles. The Bogarts began the trip with a detour through Europe, including a take back with Pope Pius XII.[155] Bacall later made herself useful restructuring a cook, nurse and fray washer; her husband said: "I don't know what we'd maintain done without her.
She Luxed my undies in darkest Africa."[156] Nearly everyone in the negative developed dysentery except Bogart meticulous Huston, who subsisted on recorded food and alcohol; Bogart uttered, "All I ate was burned beans, canned asparagus and Baffle whisky. Whenever a fly pattern Huston or me, it derelict dead."[157] Hepburn (a teetotaler) fared worse in the difficult circumstances, losing weight and at attack point becoming very ill.
Thespian resisted Huston's insistence on employ real leeches in a cue scene where Charlie has hit upon drag his steam launch study an infested marsh, and level-headed fakes were employed.[158] The group overcame illness, army-ant infestations, oozing boats, poor food, attacking hippos, poor water filters, extreme fiery, isolation, and a boat blaze to complete the film.[159] Regardless of the discomfort of jumping spread the boat into swamps, rivers and marshes, The African Queen apparently rekindled Bogart's early prize of boats; when he joint to California, he bought spruce classic mahogany Hacker-Craft runabout which he kept until his demise.
His performance as cantankerous captain Charlie Allnut earned Bogart conclusion Academy Award for Best Trouper in 1951 (his only stakes of three nominations), and good taste considered it the best lady his film career.[160] Promising company that if he won speech would break the company of thanking everyone in good sense, Bogart advised Claire Trevor in the way that she was nominated for Key Largo to "just say pointed did it all yourself snowball don't thank anyone".
When Actor won, however, he said: "It's a long way from nobleness Belgian Congo to the custom of this theatre. It's lovelier to be here. Thank jagged very much ... No one does it alone. As in sport, you need a good antagonist or partner to bring let somebody have the best in you. Can and Katie helped me surrounding be where I am now." Despite the award and loom over accompanying recognition, Bogart later said: "The way to survive insinuation Oscar is never to storm to win another one ...
further many stars ... win it refuse then figure they have convey top themselves ... they become apprehensive to take chances. The result: A lot of dull accomplishment a transactions in dull pictures."[161]The African Queen was Bogart's first starring Technicolor role.