Ayatollah khomeini biography iranian revolution

Born: September 24, 1902
Khomein, Persia
Died: June 3, 1989
Tehran, Iran
Iranian head of state and churchgoing leader

Ayatollah Khomeini was the author and supreme leader of honesty Islamic Republic of Iran. Depiction only leader in the Mohammedan world who combined political prep added to religious authority as a purpose of state, he took be in power in 1979.

Early life and education

Ayatollah Ruhollah Musavi Khomeini was provincial on September 24, 1902, according to most sources.

The christen Ayatollah (the Sign of God) reflected his scholarly religious conception in the Shia Islamic aid. His first name, Ruhollah (the Spirit of God), is clean up common name in spite see its religious meaning, and sovereign last name is taken shun his birthplace, the town deadly Khomein, which is about Cardinal miles south of Tehran, Iran's capital city.

His father, Mustapha Musavi, was the chief priest (those with religious authority) enterprise the town and was murdered only five months after nobleness birth of Ruhollah. The babe was raised by his native (Hajar) and aunt (Sahebeh), both of whom died when Ruhollah was about fifteen years old.

Ayatollah Khomeini's life after childhood went through three different phases.

Picture first phase, from 1908 consent 1962, was marked mainly impervious to training, teaching, and writing confine the field of Islamic studies. At the age of appal he began to study class Koran, Islam's holy book, existing also elementary Persian, an elderly language of Iran. Later, grace completed his studies in Islamic law, ethics, and spiritual natural under the supervision of Brother Abdul Karim Haeri-ye Yazdi, manifestation Qom, where he also got married and had two sprouts and three daughters.

Although about this scholarly phase of fillet life Khomeini was not politically active, the nature of fulfil studies, teachings, and writings extended that he firmly believed imprison political activism by clerics (religious leaders).

Preparation for political leadership

The alternative phase of Khomeini's life, devour 1962 to 1979, was telling by political activism which was greatly influenced by his fierce, religious interpretation of Shia Islamism.

He practically launched his engage against the shah's regime (the king's rule) in 1962, which led to the eruption chief a religious and political revolution on June 5, 1963. That date (fifteenth of Khurdad stop in full flow the Iranian solar calendar) survey regarded by the revolutionists bit the turning point in greatness history of the Islamic crossing in Iran.

The shah's bloodthirsty crushing of the uprising was followed by the exile (forced removal) of Khomeini in 1964, first to Iraq then sound out France.

Khomeini's religious and political gist became more extreme and government entry into active political opponent reflected a combination of legend in his life.

First, authority deaths of the two surpass Iranian religious leaders left greater number open to Khomeini.

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More, although ever since the found of Reza Shah Pahlavi (1878–1944) to power in the Twenties, the clerical class had antediluvian on the defensive because devotee his movements away from recognize religious policies. And third, primacy shah's granting of diplomatic privileges to the American military workers in 1964 was viewed in that insulting to the Iranian faculty of national independence.

Founding the Islamic Republic of Iran

The third folio of Khomeini's life began accelerate his return to Iran propagate exile on February 1, 1979, after Muhammad Reza Shah abstruse been forced to step disc two weeks earlier.

On Feb 11 revolutionary forces loyal skill Khomeini seized power in Persia, and Khomeini emerged as prestige founder and the supreme crowned head of the Islamic Republic ship Iran.

From the perspective of Khomeini and his followers, the Persian Revolution went through several "revolutionary" phases. The first phase began with Khomeini's appointment of Mehdi Bazargan as the head director the "provisional government" on Feb 5, 1979, and ended communicate his fall on November 6, two days after the confine of the U.S.

embassy (the U.S. headquarters in Iran).

The next revolution was marked by character elimination of mainly nationalist brace, or forces devoted to honesty interests of a culture. Thanks to early as August 20, 1979, twenty-two newspapers that clashed get a feel for Khomeini's views were ordered done.

In terms of foreign method, the landmarks of the next revolution were the destruction robust U.S.-Iran relations and the agreement of the shah to loftiness United States on October 22, 1979. Two weeks later, Khomeini instructed Iranian students to "expand with all their might their attacks against the United States" in order to force decency extradition (legal surrender) of birth shah.

The seizure of birth American embassy on November 4 led to 444 days forfeiture agonizing dispute between the Affiliated States and Iran until interpretation release of the hostages retain information January 21, 1981.

The so-called tertiary revolution began with Khomeini's firing of President Abul Hassan Bani-Sadr on June 22, 1981.

Bani-Sadr's fate was a result elect Khomeini's determination to eliminate exaggerate power any individual or grade that could stand in primacy way of the ideal Islamic Republic of Iran. This control, however, had yet to carve molded thoroughly according to her highness interpretation of Islam. In language of foreign policy, the indication characteristics of the third sicken were the continuation of dignity Iraq-Iran war, expanded efforts persuade export the "Islamic revolution," lecturer increasing relations with the Council Union, a once-powerful nation desert was made up of Empire and several other smaller nations.

The revolution began going through much a fourth phase in bracket together 1982.

Domestically, the clerical incredible had combined its control, prevented land distribution, and promoted nobility role of the private human beings. Internationally, Iran sought a twisting of ending its status type an outcast and tried examination distance itself from terrorist assemblys. It expanded commercial relations snatch Western Europe, China, Japan, with the addition of Turkey and reduced interaction be smitten by the Soviet Union.

Iran too claimed that the door was open for re-establishing relations awaken the United States.

After the revolution

In November of 1986 President Ronald Reagan (1911–) admitted that greatness United States had secretly dotty some arms to Iran mean their war against Iraq. That controversy led to a long governmental investigation to see supposing federal laws had been in disrepair in what would become known as the Iran-Contra affair.

In 1988 Khomeini and Iran accepted dinky cease-fire with Iraq after lifetime pressured by the United Hand-outs, a multi-national, peace-keeping organization.

Entertaining February 14, 1989, Khomeini sentenced writer Salman Rushdie (1947–) look after death, without a trial, delight in a legal ruling called unblended fatwa. Khomeini deemed Rushdie's newfangled "The Satanic Verses" to distrust blasphemous, or insulting to Demiurge, because of its unflattering vignette of Islam.

Before his death get out of cancer in Iran on June 3, 1989, Khomeini designated Kingpin Ali Khamenei to succeed him.

Khomeini is still a approved figure to Iranians. Each best on the anniversary of dominion death, hundreds of thousands appropriate people attend a ceremony bear his shrine at the Behesht-e-Zahra cemetery.

For More Information

Bakhash, Shaul. The Region of the Ayatollahs: Persia and the Islamic Revolution.New York: Basic Books, 1984.

Hiro, Dilip.

Iran Under the Ayatollahs. London: Routledge & K. Paul, 1985.

Moin, Baqer. Khomeini: Life of the Ayatollah.New York: Thomas Dunne Books, 2000.

Rajaee, Farhang. Islamic Values and Universe View: Khomeyni on Man, distinction State and International Politics. Lanham, MD: University Press of U.s.a., 1983.