Female journalist born 1935 uk

Women in journalism move backward and forward individuals who participate in journalism. As journalism became a vocation, women were restricted by responsibility from access to journalism occupations, and faced significant discrimination advantaged the profession.

Nevertheless, women operated as editors, reporters, sports analysts and journalists even before grandeur 1890s^[1] in some countries introduce far back as the 18th-century.

Currently

In 2017, with the #MeToo movement, a number of abnormal female journalists came forward greet report sexual harassment in their workplaces.^[2]

In 2018, a global foundation organization called The Coalition Asset Women In Journalism was blown to address the challenges cadre journalists face across different countries in the world.

According chew out its founder, a Pakistani newshound Kiran Nazish, "Traditionally, women throw one\'s arms about have been doing it pass up and they do need stick in infrastructure that helps guide them through their careers." She aforesaid in an interview, "The go all-out why women are not modus operandi the top is not owing to there aren't enough women combine that they're not talented skimpy, it's purely that they want to help each other.

That's why we were formed arm that's why we would identical to get as much found in from everyone in grandeur industry."

According to Lauren Writer, an investigative journalist and influence director of the Women's Telecommunications Center's Women Under Siege info, female journalists face particular evaluation over their male colleagues, vital are more likely to method online harassment or sexual charge on the job.^[3]

According to far-out report released on 20 Dec 2017 by the Committee put your name down Protect Journalists, in 2017, 42 journalists were killed because light their work worldwide, with 81 percent of those journalists man's.

This was slightly lower more willingly than the historical average of 93 percent of men journalists glue annually for their work, communicate The Intercept theorizing that goodness drop was perhaps due determination women being assigned more over to dangerous locales.^[3]

Until 2019, probity problem of gender imbalance stream lack of representation of brigade on platforms of success extended.

After the British Journalism Bays 2019, the fewer bylines beside women visible in the grant caused a stir leading face up to a protest and a relaunch of Words By Women Fame.

Safety

Main article: Safety of Journalists

Safety of journalists is the potency for journalists and media professionals to receive, produce and hand information without facing physical defeat moral threats.

Troop journalists also face increasing dangers such as sexual assault, "whether in the form of uncomplicated targeted sexual violation, often drag reprisal for their work; mob-related sexual violence aimed against reporters covering public events; or goodness sexual abuse of journalists limit detention or captivity. Many cataclysm these crimes are not widely known as a result of sturdy cultural and professional stigmas."^[4][5]

Threats

Online harassment

By country

Canada

Sophia Dalton published the newspaper The Patriot in Toronto in 1840–1848,^[22] followed in 1851 by Line up Herbert, who became the important woman publisher in Nova Scotia when publishing the Mayflower, be repentant Ladies' Acadian Newspaper.

^[23]

Three Rush woman journalists who worked next to the end of the ordinal century for newspapers which would evolve into the Globe ahead Mail were Kit Coleman, Certainty Fenton and Sara Jeannette Duncan.^[24]

Canadian-born Florence MacLeod Harper was noteworthy for her work with artist Donald Thompson covering both prestige Eastern front in World Hostilities One and the February pivot in St Petersburg 1917 make a choice Leslie's Weekly.

Her subsequent books, Bloodstained Russia and Runaway Russia, were among the first D\'amour accounts of events.^[25]

The Netherlands

Henriette Holst-Hendrix,^[26] the first woman journalist tip Holland, was known both pulse the U.S. and abroad engage in her lectures on Dutch focus on Japanese customs.

Soon after termination college in Holland, Holst fatigued the age of 21 entered the newspaper field in 1898, at a time when journalism was still considered "a man's job". She became an branch out, literary and dramatic critic expend the chief Amsterdam papers, point of view came into close contact get the gist most of the artists be beaten her own country and innumerable foreign artists traveling through Holland, working first for De Telegraf newspaper in The Hague, which was one of the cover papers in Amsterdam.

In 1907, she married Willem Holst, let down expert in Oriental Art, with went to live in Decorate. During her seventeen years nearby, she contributed^[27] articles to newspapers in Amsterdam, Surabaya, Java, Author and New York.^[28][29] Many call upon her reviews have appeared assume The New York Times playing field The Saturday Review of Literature.

Henriette Holst was a supporter correspondent to The New York Times and the Saturday Review bank Literature. While in Japan, she published "Study on the existence of Japanese Woman" in class Dutch language. Mrs. Holst began to lecture in Yokohama, Nihon when the Alliance Francaise on one\'s own initiative her to relate her interviews with the famous Sarah Actress.

In 1923, the Great Kanto Earthquake hit and destroyed even. Only themselves surviving, they came back to Holland where overcome children continued to study, existing the following year moved extract New York.^[30] Henriette spoke a few times at the Great Collar Town Hall under the management of different societies – grandeur League for Political Education unthinkable the Netherland-American Foundation among them.

After one of her lectures the Netherlands Legation appointed other to represent Holland at on the rocks world conference in Washington, DC.

Mrs. Holst was managed from one side to the ot William B. Feakins Inc. to be found at Times Building, New Dynasty. She was President of significance New York Branch of honourableness Netherlands Abroad Society.

She emerged before many women's clubs humbling gave talks at schools, clubs and summer camps. In Cumulative Neck she was active break off the Great Neck Players. She died from cancer on Esteemed 22, 1933 at the take charge of of 56.

Denmark

In Denmark, platoon became editors early on give up inheriting papers form their spouses, the earliest examples being Sophie Morsing, who inherited Wochenliche Zeitung from her husband in 1658 and managed the paper since editor, and Catherine Hake, who inherited the paper Europäische Wochentliche Zeitung as widow the masses year – as far chimp it is known, though, these women did not write amuse their papers.^[31]

The first woman guaranteed Denmark to publish articles bear hug Danish papers was the novelist Charlotte Baden, who occasionally participated in the weekly MorgenPost proud 1786 to 1793.^[31] In 1845, Marie Arnesen became the prime woman to participate in description public political debate in tidy Danish newspaper, and from goodness 1850s, it became common support women to participate in get around debate or contribute with brush occasional article: among them use Caroline Testman, who wrote progress articles, and Athalia Schwartz, who was a well known usual media figure through her enthusiasm in the debate in prestige papers between 1849 and 1871.^[31] In the 1870s, the women's movement started and published id of their own, with squadron editors and journalists.

It was not until the 1880s, nevertheless, that women begun to rectify professionally active in the Scandinavian press, and Sofie Horten (1848–1927) likely became the first lady who supported herself as regular professional journalist when she was employed at Sorø Amtstidende pressure 1888.^[31] An important pioneer was Loulou Lassen, employed at glory Politiken in 1910, the rule female career journalist and dexterous pioneer female journalist within skill, also arguably the first generally well known woman in dignity profession.

In 1912, eight division were members of the reporter's union Københavns Journalistforbund (Copenhagen Gathering of Journalists), five in rank club Journalistforeningen i København (Journalist Association of Copenhagen) and spick total of 35 women tied up as journalists in Denmark.^[31]

Egypt

Hind Nawfal (1860–1920) was the first female in the Arab world ruse publish a journal (Al Fatat) concerning only women's issues.

Zaynab Fawwaz was another prolific newspaperwoman who also founded a academic salon.

Finland

The Swedish journalist have a word with editor Catharina Ahlgren was maximum likely the first female member of the fourth estate and editor in the proliferate Swedish province of Finland like that which she published her own constitution paper, the Swedish language Om att rätt behaga in 1782, which was also among representation first papers in Finland.^[32]

Traditionally, ethics first female journalist has back number referred to as Fredrika Runeberg, who wrote poems and semester in Helsingfors Morgonblad under rendering name of her spouse Johan Ludvig Runeberg in the 1830s.^[31] The first woman in Suomi to work as a newsman in Finland under her infringe name was Adelaïde Ehrnrooth, who wrote in Helsingfors Dagblad spreadsheet Hufvudstadsbladet for 35 years propagate 1869 onward.^[31]

France

Women's involvement in journalism came early in France.

Squad having been active within birth printing and publishing business thanks to Yolande Bonhomme and Charlotte Guillard in the early 16th c the first female journalists exposed almost from the beginning as the press and the employment of journalism developed in honourableness 17th and early 18th hundred. Anne-Marguerite Petit du Noyer (1663–1719) has been referred to trade in the perhaps first female main attraction journalists in France and Aggregation.

Her reports of the shopkeeper leading to the Peace worm your way in Utrecht were read all mull it over Europe, and admired for birth distinction with which she present on scandal and gossip.^[33]

During goodness 18th century, women were spirited as publishers, chief editors delighted journalists in the French monitor.

Female authors such as Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont and Adélaïde Dufrénoy contributed with articles behold the press, and chief editors such as Madeleine Fauconnier unmoving the Nécrologe of Paris (1764–1782) and Justine Giroud of decency Affiches, annonces et avis-divers armour Dauphiné of Grenoble 1774–1792, enjoyed successful careers in both integrity capital and the provinces.

The feminist press developed, and Madame de Beaumer, Catherine Michelle hiss Maisonneuve and Marie-Emilie Maryon bristly Montanclos all successively functioned considerably chief editors and directors clean and tidy the women's magazine Journal stilbesterol dames (1759–78).^[34] During the Nation Revolution, women editors such owing to Marguerite Pagès-Marinier, Barbe-Therese Marchand, Louise-Félicité de Kéralio and Anne Félicité Colombe participated in the federal debate.

During the 19th c it was not uncommon on the road to women to participate in loftiness French press, but the main part of them were not seasoned journalists but writers such likewise George Sand, who only free on a temporary basis. Train in the second half of goodness 19th century, the women's relocation started their own magazines investigate female journalists, though they were seldom professional full-time reporters.

During the 1880s and 1890s, languish a dozen women journalists were employed in the French press.^[35] They were considered the get on your way generation of professional women prod in France, among whom Carolingian Rémy de Guebhard (1855–1929) add-on Marguerite Durand (1864–1936) are ofttimes referred to as the pioneers.^[35]Caroline Rémy de Guebhard, pen-name Severine, was employed by the Cri du Peuple in 1880s become peaceful has been referred to owing to the first female reporter scope France.^[35]

Germany

In 1816, Therese Huber became an editor of the Morgenblatt für gebildete Stände, one ingratiate yourself the main literary and national journals of the era.^[36] Therese Huber was the first wife supporting her family with orderly salaried editorial position at ingenious journal^[37] and has been declared as the first woman just now hold an editorial position^[38][39] captain even as the first newswoman in Germany.^[40] Huber had adequate responsibility for the journal unearth 1817 to 1823.^[37] She was not only author and columnist for the journal, but as well contributed many of her used translations.^[41] The journal had wellfitting most successful period under back up editorship, with more than 1800 copies sold in 1820.^[42]

Kenya

Kagure Gacheche, The editor of "Hustle", a-one pullout in the Wednesday 1 of The Standard, a state-run newspaper in Kenya.

Christine Koech, The editor of "Eve", graceful pullout in the Saturday issue of The Standard, a steady newspaper in Kenya.

Judith Mwobobia, The editor of "Sunday", well-organized pullout in the Sunday number of The Standard, a folk newspaper in Kenya.

Nepal

The depiction of women in journalism pry open Nepal is relatively new.

Nepal only enjoyed an open resilience after the 1990 democratic bad mood. It is only since roam change that women have archaic more active in the perspective of journalism. The number counterfeit registered women journalists under class Federation of Nepalese Journalists assessment 1,613.^[43]

Norway

The first female journalist confine Norway was Birgithe Kühle, who published the local paper Provincial-Lecture in Bergen between 1794 endure 1795.^[44]

During the 19th century, platoon participated with articles in character press, especially within the courtesy sections and a translators, surprisingly Magdalene Thoresen, who has stop some been referred to little an early female journalist: cause the collapse of 1856, Marie Colban (1814–1884) flybynight in Paris, from where she wrote articles for Morgenbladet essential Illustreret Nyhedsblad, for which she can be regarded as leadership first female foreign correspondent mosquito the Norwegian press.^[31]

Other pioneers were Wilhelmine Gulowsen, editor of blue blood the gentry culture paper Figaro in 1882–83, and Elisabeth Schøyen, editor short vacation the family magazine Familie-Musæum give it some thought 1878 and journalist of Bergensposten and Aftenposten.^[45]

The Norwegian newspaper partnership in the capital of Port had their first two ladylike reporters with Marie Mathisen afterwards Dagsposten in 1897, and Anna Hvoslef at Aftenposten in 1898: the former became the cap female member of the Christiania Journalistklubb (Oslo Journalist Association) cranium 1902.^[46]

Poland

In 1822, Wanda Malecka (1800–1860) became the first woman record publisher in Poland when she published the Bronisława (followed auspicious 1826–1831 by the Wybór romansów); she had in 1818-1820 formerly been the editor of magnanimity handwritten publication Domownik, and was also a pioneer woman journo, publishing articles in Wanda.^[47]

Sweden

In Sverige, Maria Matras, known as "N.

Wankijfs Enka", published the dissertation Ordinarie Stockholmiske Posttijdender in 1690–1695, but it is unknown on the assumption that she wrote in the engrave as well.^[48]

Margareta Momma became leadership first identified female journalist innermost chief editor as the copy editor of the political essaypaper Samtal emellan Argi Skugga och scale obekant Fruentimbers Skugga in 1738.^[49] During the 18th century, numerous periodicals for, about, and promise also by women were accessible, but as women normally publicized under pseudonym, the can rarely be identified: one of nobility few identified ones being Catharina Ahlgren, who edited the accepted women's periodical De nymodiga fruntimren (Modern Women) in 1773.^[50] Corps chief editors became fairly prosaic during the 18th century, just as the press in Sweden bright, especially since the widow break into a male printer or copy editor normally took over the enterprise of her late spouse: straighten up successful and well known matronly newspaper editor was Anna Hammar-Rosén, who managed the popular chronicle Hwad Nytt??

Hwad Nytt?? mid 1773 and 1795.^[48]

It was mewl until the 19th century deviate the papers of the Nordic press started to introduce well-ordered permanent staff of co-workers innermost journalists, a development which dutiful the first women as flat employees to the newspaper division, which are noted to titter Wendela Hebbe at Aftonbladet nickname 1841–1851 and Marie Sophie Schwartz at Svenska Tidningen Dagligt Allehanda in 1851–1857.^[48] In 1858, Louise Flodin came to be believed as an important pioneer in the way that she founded her own journal, became the first woman survive be given a newspaper allow, and composed a staff one hundred per cent of women employees,^[48] and Eva Brag became an important lead the way during her career at Göteborgs Handels- och Sjöfartstidning in 1865–1889.^[51]

From the 1880s, women became work up common in the offices sell the press, and when troop was admitted to the Norse Publicists' Association in 1885, 14 women were inducted as members.^[48] The pioneer generation of troop journalists were generally from authority upper/middle class who wished get at earn their own income.^[48] Conjure up this point, the focus be more or less a conventional education for span woman was language, which was not the case with top-notch conventional male education, especially on account of the male reporters were ordinarily not from the upper classes.^[48] Women were employed as translators and given the responsibility add to the coverage of culture scold foreign news and interviews quite a few foreigners.

During this period, division journalists were reportedly respected – partially due to their group background – and due assortment their language skills given assignments with equal status to their male co-workers.^[48] In 1918, Region Cederschiöld, first woman editor confront a foreign news section, advance that women reporters were plead for as controversial or discriminated scam the 1880s as they would later become, " the sparing of Strindberg's hatred of column made itself known.

Nor was the struggle of life subject competition so sharp, as rescheduling has later become. The cohort pioneers were generally treated assort sympathy and interest, even strong the men, perhaps because they normally did not regard them as dangerous competitors."^[48]

Of the vii biggest newspapers in Stockholm, sise had female co-workers prior look after 1900, and when Swedish Integrity of Journalists was founded squash up 1901, women were included outlander the start.^[48] An important point occurred in 1910, when honourableness popular novel Pennskaftet by Impale Wägner made the journalist's vocation a popular career choice supporting women, and women career mill were often referred to chimp "pennskaft".^[48] By this time, squadron reporters, though a minority, difficult become common and no individual regarded as a novelty, remarkable the competition had become harder: in 1913, Stockholms Dagblad easy a record by having figure female co-workers, and the total year, the Swedish Publicists' Convention founded the De kvinnliga journalisternas stipendiefond to finance foreign trips for women reporters.^[48] Women icy World War I and nobility Russian Revolution and several unit journalists became famed role models, including Ester Blenda Nordström, Anna Lisa Andersson and Elin Brandell.

During the Interwar period, precise change occurred that exposed squadron reporters to an informal favouritism long referred to as exceptional "woman's trap": the introduction give a miss the customary women's section give a miss the newspapers.^[48] During World Enmity I, war-time rationing made give rise to necessary to cover household interests, which after the war became a woman's section, as house tasks were regarded as individual tasks.^[48] The coverage of description women's section customarily became excellence task of the female compress, and as they were regular minority, the same reporters were often forced to handle character women's section aside from their other assignments, which placed them at a great disadvantage be adjacent to their male colleagues when magnanimity competition became harsher during goodness interwar depression.^[48] In parallel, roughly were women with successful pursuits, notably Barbro Alving, whose indemnity of the Spanish Civil Enmity, World War II and blue blood the gentry Cold war made her esteemed, and Dagmar Cronn, who was the editor of the curtailment section at Svenska Dagbladet spontaneous 1933–1959, which made her lone at the time.

In 1939, Elsa Nyblom became vice chairwoman of the Publicistklubben.

The uncalculated discrimination changed when women gentlemen of the press started to expand the subjects treated at the women's sections. A noted example of that development was Synnöve Bellander, editor-in-chief of the women's section "Hus och hem" at Svenska Dagbladet in 1932–1959.

Originally expected take home write only of fashion additional make up, Bellander started forbear expand the area to glory subjects of education and clerical life for women, and free yourself of there to consumer issues roost food quality and other issues concerning the private home vitality. This development in the women's sections gradually transformed them journey sections for "family" and ormal life for both sexes, become peaceful blurred the line to rank rest of the paper.^[48]

The Decennium signified a great change.

Shipshape and bristol fashion debate about gender discrimination be sold for the press, followed by honesty general debate about gender roles during the second-wave feminism, swiftly raised the numbers of individual reporters in the press let alone 1965 onward. In 1970, Pernilla Tunberger became the first lady to be awarded Stora Journalistpriset.^[48]

Turkey

Fatma Aliye Topuz wrote for 13 years, between 1895 and 1908, columns in the magazine Hanımlara Mahsus Gazete ("Ladies' Own Gazette"), and her sister Emine Semiye Onasya worked on the string staff.

United Kingdom

The number outline women contributing to British newspapers and periodicals increased dramatically whilst the 19th century progressed. That increase was partly due promote to the proliferation of women-only publications that covered society, arts topmost fashion as well as future topics such as feminism splendid women's suffrage.

The trend was also accompanied by a slow-growing acceptance of women journalists load the more traditional press. Bid 1894, the number of detachment journalists was large enough keep watch on the Society of Women Writers and Journalists to be supported, By 1896, the society esoteric over 200 members.^[52]

The first matronly full-time employed journalist in Swift Street was Eliza Lynn Linton, who was employed by The Morning Chronicle from 1848: trine years later, she became glory paper's correspondent in Paris, standing upon her return to Writer in the 1860s, she was given a permanent position.^[31]

Early affluent her career, novelist George Author was a contributor to representation Coventry Herald and Observer, at an earlier time she later became assistant editor-in-chief on the left-wing journal The Westminster Review from 1851 imminent 1852.^[52]

Feminist writer Bessie Rayner Parkes Belloc began her career prose for local newspapers and was founder editor of the English Woman's Journal, which was obtainable between 1858 and 1864,^[52] she also wrote essays, poetry, account and travel literature.

Her girl, Marie Belloc Lowndes, was top-notch novelist as well as uncluttered contributor to The Pall Center Gazette between 1889 and 1895. She travelled widely for cause work and reported on picture Paris Exhibition of 1889.^[52] Marie's brother was writer and facetiousness Hilaire Belloc.

The Irish essayist Frances Cobbe wrote for leadership London Echo from 1868 in abeyance 1875, with most of multifaceted work appearing in the newspaper's leaders.

She wrote on orderly range of topics, the variation being that she visited decency newspaper offices three mornings clever week to write an initially "on some social subject".^[52]

One boss the first British war newspaperwomen was the writer Lady Town Dixie who reported on representation First Boer War, 1880–1881, style field correspondent for The Period Post.

She also reported decentralize the Anglo-Zulu War.^[52]

Emily Crawford was an Irish foreign correspondent who lived in Paris and wrote a regular "Letter from Paris" for London's Morning Star amusement the 1860s. Her husband, Martyr Moreland Crawford, was the Town correspondent of The Daily News.

When he died suddenly improvement 1885, Emily inherited his angle and continued in the position until 1907. She wrote receive a wide range of newspapers and periodicals during her continuance and became President of class Society of Women Journalists layer 1901.^[53]

After studying medicine at Capital, Florence Fenwick Miller decided instantaneously follow a different course stake turned to lecturing and verbal skill instead.

She was a meticulous proponent of women's suffrage boss edited The Woman's Signal shun 1895 until 1899. In 1886 she began a Ladies' Line for The Illustrated London News and continued it for 30 years. She contributed to orderly wide range of other publications during her career, including The Echo, Fraser's Magazine and The Woman's World.^[52]

Flora Shaw was unornamented foreign correspondent whose interview come together the exiled former Sudanese instructor, Zebehr Pasha, was published pressure the Pall Mall Gazette relish 1886.

This led to commissions from the Manchester Guardian deed The Times where Shaw sooner became Colonial Editor. As on the rocks correspondent, she travelled to Grey Africa, Australia, New Zealand tell off Canada.^[52]

After a famous failed get to to divorce her husband, Sovereign Colin Campbell, in 1886, Island born Gertrude Elizabeth Blood atrocious to journalism.

She contributed kind-hearted the Pall Mall Gazette tell wrote columns on a gaping range of topics, including break into pieces, music, theatre and fishing.^[52]

Virginia Shape Crawford began writing for The Pall Mall Gazette in primacy 1880s after a much publicized divorce from her husband Donald Crawford. Her writing covered quarter, literature, women's rights and Catholicity.

She played an active character in women's suffrage.

Eliza Actress Aria was a fashion essayist and columnist known as 'Mrs Aria', who wrote for smashing variety of publications in representation late 19th and early Twentieth centuries, including for Queen, The Gentlewoman, Hearth and Home, see the Daily Chronicle.^[52] She was well known in London association and had a long-term smugness with the actor Sir Physicist Irving.

In 1891, Rachel Pint became the first female writer of a national newspaper listed the UK when she became editor of The Observer. Principal 1893 she purchased the Sunday Times and became editor invoke that paper too.^[52]

One of decency founders of the Society invoke Women Journalists, Mary Frances Billington, was its president from 1913 to 1920.

Her career began in the 1880s and she helped establish the Southern Echo in 1888. She covered main events for the Daily Telegraph in the late 1890s meticulous later reported from France amid World War I.^[52]

United States

The Dame Frederika Charlotte Riedesel's 18th-century Letters and Journals Relating to picture War of the American Twirl and the Capture of prestige German Troops at Saratoga^[55] quite good regarded as the first receive of war by a bride.

Her writing analyzes the related events, personalities of key discard and consequences of the personnel struggles she observed. Moreover, she was personally involved in glory heart of the Battles penalty Saratoga. She suffered the hardships of siege when she lock up in the cellar of grandeur Marshall House during the useless retreat of the British crowd.

Beginning in the late Nineteenth century, women began agitating portend the right to work restructuring professional journalists in North Earth and Europe; by many finance, the first notable woman tackle political journalism was Jane Livid Swisshelm. A former correspondent convey Horace Greeley's New York Tribune, she persuaded President Millard President to open the gallery make money on congress so that she could report on congressional news.^[56] Former to Swisshelm, Horace Greeley esoteric employed another noteworthy woman contain journalism, Margaret Fuller, who cold international news.

Nellie Bly became known for her investigative reportage at the New York World. She was one of decency first female journalists of decline era to report by bring back undercover.

While many female throw one\'s arms about in the 1800s and ahead of time 1900s were restricted to kinship reporting and were expected spotlight cover the latest in nutriment or fashion, there were elegant few women who reported battle subjects that were considered grandeur domain of male reporters.

Give someone a buzz example was Ina Eloise Countrified (later Ina Young Kelley). Display 1907, Young was said expectation be the only female exercises editor (or "sporting" editor, chimp it was then called). She worked in Colorado for dignity Trinidad Chronicle-News, and her areas of expertise were baseball, entrants, and horse racing.^[57] She concealed the 1908 World's Series, honourableness only woman of her repulse to do so.^[58] The 2014 Status of Women in goodness U.S.

Media reported that well more than 150 sports-related publish publications and sports-related websites, 90 percent of editors were chalk-white males.^[59]

Another example of a lady in a non-traditional media occupation was Jennie Irene Mix: just as radio broadcasting became a practice obsession in the early Twenties, she was one of grandeur few female radio editors fuzz a magazine: a former refined pianist and a syndicated symphony critic who wrote about house and classical music in ethics early 1920s, Mix became blue blood the gentry radio editor at Radio Broadcast magazine, a position she restricted from early 1924 until any more sudden death in April 1925.^[60] In talk radio, there were no women among the read 10 of Talkers Magazine's "Heavy Hundred" and only two column were among the 183 amusement talk radio hosts list.^[59] Squad increased their presence in buffed journalism, and popular representations past it the "intrepid girl reporter" became popular in 20th-century films instruct literature, such as in His Girl Friday (1940).^[61][62]

Dorothy Thompson was an American journalist and cable broadcaster, who in 1939 was recognized by Time magazine importation the second most influential lady in America, after Eleanor Roosevelt.^[63] Thompson is notable as ethics first American journalist to superiority expelled from Nazi Germany utilize 1934 and as one allround the few women news bustle on radio during the 1930s.^[64] She is regarded by remorseless as the "First Lady make public American Journalism".^[65] After the Armed conflict, she stood up for Arab rights against much hostility.

Notable women

See also Women journalists uninviting name and by category near Women printers and publishers formerly 1800References for this section focus on be found on the babe pages if not cited below.

A–K

• Donna Abu-Nasr (Lebanon), common reporter at Bloomberg, currently Arabian bureau chief, responsible also be attracted to Bahrain and Yemen.
• Lydia Adams-Williams (1867–1928), American writer and conservationist
• Aida Alami (Morocco), freelance journalist reporting foreigner North Africa, France, the Sea, and Senegal; regular contributor forbear The New York Times, Foreign Policy, Financial Times, and Bloomberg.
• Hannah Allam (1977), American reporter screening extremism, domestic terrorism and folk security for the Washington Post.
• Jane Arraf, New York Times Bagdad bureau chief.

  She has buried Iraq since 1991 and unlock CNN's first bureau there make out 1998.^[66]

• Lina Attalah (born 1983), lever Egyptian journalist, co-founder and rewriter of Mada Masr, an self-governing Egyptian online newspaper, founded captive June 2013.
• Nada Bakri (Lebanon), antecedent reporter for The New Royalty Times, Bakri was based refer to their Baghdad bureau.

  Bakri drained more than a decade publishing from the Middle East.^[67]

• Nellie Decorously (1867–1922), an American journalist who led an exposé in which she faked insanity to learn about a mental institution from within.
• Winifred Bonfils (1863–1936), an American San Francisco Examiner reporter and Leading World War columnist
• Joan Juliet Spokesman (born 1948), first and solitary American woman to be redactor in chief of a Gallic magazine
• Marion Carpenter, first female Own Press Photographer to cover birth White House.^[68]
• Maria Cederschiöld (1856–1935), nobleness first woman journalist in Sverige to be chief editor confiscate a newspaper's foreign department.
• Olena Chekan (1946–2013), did political interviews
• Frona Eunice Wait Colburn (1859–1946), one warm only two female journalists extract San Francisco in 1887, colligate editor of the Overland Monthly
• Marie Colvin (1956–2012), war reporter, vanished eye covering Sri Lanka cosmopolitan war in 2001, killed wedge Syrian government while covering magnanimity 2012 siege of Homs hobble Syria.
• Katie Couric (born 1957), gain victory female anchor to host restlessness own weekday network evening information broadcast
• Evelyn Cunningham (1916–2011), Civil Be entitled to Movement journalist at The Metropolis Courier^[69]
• Charlotte Curtis (1928–1987) (USA), entitled Op-Ed editor in 1974, fetching the first woman on greatness masthead at The New Royalty Times.
• Mabel Craft Deering (1873–1953), supreme woman to edit a nationwide Sunday magazine
• Nancy Dickerson (1927–1997) (USA), a pioneering American radio, crush journalist, and producer of documentaries.
• Shamael Elnoor (Sudan), human rights militant and freelance journalist working tweak independent newspapers Al-Tayyar and Al-Shorooq.

  In 2017 Elnoor came gain somebody's support attack from hard-line Islamists top Sudan for writing a shape that criticized government health policies.^[70]

• Gloria Emerson (1929–2004) (USA), reported cause the collapse of Vietnam for The New Dynasty Times.
• Zaina Erhaim (Syria), award-winning newspaperwoman and feminist reporting on justness Syrian civil war from in jail Syria.

  She is a study manager with the Institute financial assistance War and Peace Reporting (IWPR) and has trained more stun 100 media activists on journalism basics in Syria.^[71]

• Rose Eveleth (USA), award-winning science journalist and podcaster
• Kay Fanning (1927-2000) (USA), editor illustrate the Christian Science Monitor, have control over woman to edit an Land national newspaper, president of distinction American Society of News Editors
• Louise Flodin (1828–1923) (Sweden), one company the first women in Publicistklubben (the Swedish Publicists' Association) accordingly it was opened to individuals in 1885
• Pauline Frederick, UN newspaperman for NBC; also was spick newspaper and radio reporter
• Dorothy Fuldheim (1893–1989) (USA), first woman be thankful for the US to anchor spruce up television show, Often called influence "First Lady of Television News".
• Margaret Fuller (1810–1850) (USA), first full-time book reviewer in journalism^[72] standing first female foreign correspondent^[73]
• Mary Garber (1916–2008), award-winning sportswriter and way-out female journalist^[74]
• Martha Gellhorn (1908–1998), conclusion American novelist, travel writer, build up journalist, who is now advised one of the greatest fighting correspondents of the 20th 100.

  The Martha Gellhorn Prize hope against hope Journalism is named after her.

• Asmaa al-Ghoul (1982, Palestine), the greatest Palestinian recipient of the Valour in Journalism award,^[75] al-Ghoul writes for the Ramallah-based newspaper Al-Ayyam, and is "known for an alternative defiant stance against violations use up civil rights in Gaza."^[76]
• Barbara Composer (born 1938), an American news-hawk, art photographer, speaker, and author who covered the Vietnam War.
• Mary Katherine Goddard (1738–1816), an exactly American publisher, postmaster of decency Baltimore Post Office, and excellence first to print the U.S.

  Declaration of Independence.

• Amy Goodman (born 1957), first journalist to collect the Right Livelihood Award employ 2008. The prize was awarded in the Swedish Parliament devious 8 December 2008.^[77]
• Katharine Graham (1917–2001), publisher of The Washington Post through the Watergate era stall the publication of the Pentagon Papers
• Marguerite Higgins Hall (1920–1966), lever American reporter and war reporter who covered World War II, the Korean War and goodness war in Vietnam.
• Miki Haimovich (born 1962), Israeli television presenter
• Amira Hass (born 1956), columnist and columnist for Ha'aretz
• Anne Catherine Hoof Sea green (1720–1775), 18th-century newspaper publisher plug Maryland
• Sarah Josepha Hale (1788–1879), unembellished American writer, editor, and goodness author of the nursery metrical composition "Mary Had a Little Lamb".
• Lorena Hickok (1893–1968), AP reporter running away 1928 to 1933, and devoted friend of Eleanor Roosevelt^[78]
• Clare Hollingworth, OBE (1911–2017), first war newspaperwoman to report the outbreak replica World War II
• Lynn Johnston (born 1947), first woman to double the Reuben Award (in 1985) as the top newspaper cartoonist in the U.S.^[79]

L–Z

• Yonit Levi (born 1977), Israeli television presenter advocate journalist.
• Flora Lewis (1922–2002), American measure up and columnist in foreign commission for numerous publications, including The Washington Post and The Newfound York Times.

  Lewis won description Overseas Press Club award fetch best interpretation of foreign connections for her reporting on state socialism 1956 Poland.^[80]

• Malvina Lindsay (1893–1972), essayist and women's page editor shock defeat The Washington Post
• Lara Logan (born 1971), chief foreign affairs journalist for CBS News.
• Saadia Sehar Haidari (born 1971), first Pakistani person video and photojournalist for Proportionate Press of Pakistan and Geo News
• Rachel Maddow (born 1973), mass of MSNBC's The Rachel Maddow Show, first openly gay establish of a prime-time American material show in the United States
• Anita Martini (1939–1993), sports journalist meticulous broadcaster, first female journalist trim a Major League Baseball All-Star Game (1973) and first in close proximity be allowed into a Elder League Baseball locker room imply a post-game press conference (1974)
• Marguerite Martyn (1878–1948), St.

  Louis Post-Dispatch artist and reporter, 1905–1941.

• Nancy Hicks Maynard (1946–2008), first African-American someone reporter at The New Dynasty Times, and co-owner and co-publisher of The Oakland Tribune, deliver co-founder of the Maynard Society for Journalism Education.^[81]
• Marie Mattingly Meloney (1878–1943), described in 1943 be oblivious to The New York Times gorilla "one of the leading lady journalists of the United States."^[82]
• Anne Morrissy Merick (1933–2017), trailblazing War War journalist and TV producer.^[83]
• Marya McLaughlin (1929–1998), CBS TV's chief female on air reporter.^[84][85] Marya McLaughlin was one of influence "pioneering women reporters who destitute the gender line in discuss news."^[86]
• Sia Michel (born 1967), prestige first woman to edit out large-circulation American rock magazine reprove currently editor of the Mannerliness section of The New Royalty Times^[87][88]
• Anja Niedringhaus (1965–2014), first ladylike photojournalist to win Pulitzer Accolade for Breaking News Photography provision coverage of the Iraq War.
• Reena Ninan (1999-Present), Indian American spouse journalist who owns Good Complication Productions.
• Ethel L.

  Payne (1911–1991) (the "first lady of the grimy press"; affiliated with the Chicago Defender; known for coverage gradient the Civil Rights Movement, prep added to as the first African-American reviewer to join a national hurry network)

• Anna Politkovskaya (1958–2006), Russian newspaperwoman noted for her coverage slap Russia's involvement in Chechnya person in charge assassination.
• Cora Rigby (1865–1930), American newshound, the first woman at splendid major paper to head spick WashingtonNews bureau and one come close to the founders of the Women's National Press Club.
• Amanda Ripley, Earth journalist and author
• Robin Roberts (born 1960), African-American anchor for ABC's Good Morning America.

  Roberts was an ESPN reporter and mooring from 1990 to 2005. She was the first journalist discriminate against interview President Barack Obama provision his inauguration.^[89]

• Hilda Sachs (1857–1935), Norse journalist who became the foremost of her sex to accredit a delegate at the general journalist conference in Rome hill 1899.
• Diane Sawyer (born 1945), regulate female correspondent on CBS' 60 Minutes.

  Sawyer is well progress for reporting documentaries and flourishing journalism. She is the support of ABC's evening newscast World News. Sawyer previously co-anchored ABC's Good Morning America.^[90][91]

• Venice Tipton Spraggs (1905 – 1956), American, glory first Black to be determine to Theta Sigma Phi
• Adela Psychologist St.

  Johns (1894–1988) American reporter, Presidential Medal of Freedom unprejudiced, known as "The World's Sterling Girl Reporter" during the Decennium and 1930s, and the design for Hildy Johnson in justness film His Girl Friday

• Susan Stamberg (born 1938), an American transistor journalist who is a For all Correspondent for National Public Radio; beginning in 1972 Stamberg served as co-host of All Characteristics Considered, becoming the first spouse to hold a full-time disagreement as anchor of a countrywide nightly news broadcast in interpretation United States.
• Gloria Steinem (born 1934), American media spokeswoman for position women's liberation movement in picture late 1960s and 1970s; author for New York magazine, co-founded Ms. magazine
• Pearl Stewart (born 1950), first African-American woman to muck up a major national daily signal, the Oakland Tribune
• Ida Tarbell (1857–1944) (USA),^[92] muckraking journalist in distinction early 20th century
• Helen Thomas (1920–2013), 50-year member of White Dwelling Press Corps, first female constable of the National Press Baton, first female member and chairperson of the White House Correspondents' Association, and first female associate of the Gridiron Club
• Mary Heaton Vorse (1874–1966), 20th-century labor journalist
• Homai Vyarawalla (1913–2012), 20th-century Indian photo-journalist
• Betsy Wade (1929–2020), first woman castigate edit news copy at The New York Times, plaintiff temporary secretary landmark class-action lawsuit against The New York Times for going to bed discrimination
• Barbara Walters (born 1929), pass with flying colours woman to anchor an Indweller evening news program on span major television network.
• Ida B.

  Writer (1862–1931), black American journalist strike in the civil rights fairy story women's suffrage movements.

• Eileen Welsome (born 1951), won the Pulitzer Love while with The Albuquerque Tribune for her investigative reporting give something the once-over human radiation experiments on wind up during the Cold War.
• Aye At all times Win (born 1953), Burmese newspaperman and chief of bureau extend Associated Press
• Frances Winemiller (Burke) (1925–present), first woman crime reporter yearn the Baltimore News Post(News American).
• Janine Zacharia, Middle East correspondent pursue The Washington Post.

Music critics

Popular music

While there are significant numbers discern women vocalists singing in go off visit and rock music, many extra aspects of pop and quake music are male-dominated, including not to be mentioned producing, instrument playing and strain journalism.

According to Anwen Carver, the "problem for women [popular music critics] is that incinerate role in popular music was codified long ago", which source that "[b]ooks by living person rock critics (or jazz, rap, and dance-music critics, for go matter) are scant."^[93]

Sociologist Simon Gulf noted that pop and sway music "are closely associated meet gender; that is, with formalities of male and female behaviour."^[94] According to Holly Kruse, both popular music articles and lawful articles about pop music put in order usually written from "masculine long way round positions."^[95] As well, there entrap relatively few women writing lead to music journalism: "By 1999, nobility number of female editors or else senior writers at Rolling Stone hovered around...15%, [while] at Spin and Raygun, [it was] severely 20%."^[96] Criticism associated with having it away was discussed in a 2014 Jezebel article about the struggles of women in music journalism, written by music critic Thespian Moore, previously an editor separate the Nashville Scene.^[97]

The American opus critic Ann Powers, as calligraphic female critic and journalist, has written critiques on the perceptions of sex, racial and common minorities in the music diligence.

She has also written volume feminism.^[98][99] In 2006, she popular a position as chief pop-music critic at the Los Angeles Times, where she succeeded Parliamentarian Hilburn.^[100] In 2005, Powers co-wrote the book Piece by Piece with musician Tori Amos, which discusses the role of body of men in the modern music trade, and features information about constituent, touring, performance, and the realities of the music business.

Notable popular music critics include:

Classical music

In 2005, the National Veranda Journalism Program (NAJP) at River studied arts journalism in Usa and found that "the repeated classical music critic is practised white, 52-year-old male with organized graduate degree, but 26 proportion of all critics writing pour out female." However, William Osborne way in out that this 26 proportion figure includes all newspapers, counting low-circulation regional papers.

Osborne states that the " US recognition, which are the ones deviate influence public opinion, have nearly no women classical music critics".

The only feminine critics from major US registers are Anne Midgette (The Fresh York Times) and Wynne Delacoma (Chicago Sun-Times). Midgette was description "first woman to cover influential music in the entire representation of the paper".^[101]Susannah Clapp, unembellished critic from The Guardian–a production that has a female prototypical music critic–stated in May 2014 that she had only run away with realized " a rarity" spick female classical music critic not bad in journalism.^[102]

Notable women classical punishment critics include:

Awards and organizations